Alex Heguy 8/14/69 Interviewed by William A. Douglass Heguy Ranch, Elko County, Nevada Sunset Cassette tape - C120 18 school in France 25 worked for notary public, took care of cows, horse and saddle 37 salary in France 100 Francs a year. Family took care of him. Best 2 years. 55 family farm in France. Too many kids. 67 decision to come to America. Older brother 75 idea was to make money ($2,500.00) and go back. 79 army 89 first year in America Ð homesickness 92 sheepcamp 101 language barrier 110 Scotch sheepherder 120 snow in march 128 money to come to America Ð Mom borrowed it, he paid it back 132 salary $40.00 a month 133 $200.00 for trip to get here 141 brotherÕs camp 144 got his own band of sheep 145 Fish Creek Valley 148 learned sheepherding from brother 152 transhumance 154 Valley lake 158 Highway 6 161 summer lambing Ð Elko County 165 Wilian Mountain (?) Squaw Mountain 168 Eureka Land and livestock 170 learning English 180 Eureka Land and Livestock sold to a Basque company 192 Pete Laborda 197 Basque herders; names; Agustin Idiozara (?) Agustin Gazia 202 dog 209 Fish Creek Valley Ð horse ran away with mustangs 214 Quintana 217 Nick Goikoa (?) 235 town 239 Elko, trip once a month with 2-horse wagon 243 8 bands of sheep 250 herders getting together; drinking, dancing 261 tents 262 sheepwagon 264 2 herders per camp 271 never left sheep alone at night Ð coyotes 277 tactics to scare coyotes 292 carbide lamps 311 lambs lost to coyotes 324 mountain lion 343 cowboys 349 1915 354 1914 Ð got own sheep, 1000 head ewes 355 two partners; Martin Segura, Martin Elorda (?) 362 1000 ewes, 2000 lambs 363 cost of sheep, $6.00 per ewe 366 lambs $3.00 a head from Mike Lostra 367 LostraÕs sons live in Elko. 371 Coyote lake 375 partners 377 $2,500 a piece 380 selling coyote hide - $500.00 a year 383 bobcats 388 bounty for furs 392 quit Eureka 396 places they ran sheep 402 Sun Springs Valley 407 private land Ð Dean Ranch, Elko County 418 Italian foreman 380 shearing sheep 443 confrontation with Italian in Bear Valley 452 permit 471 surveying land 475 10 cents a head with permit 480 surveying land boundaries 486 map 492 mine 498 running own sheep 507 sold sheep to his partners in 1917 524 trespassing problems 530 government reserve 544 1917 547 1918 sold 549 San Francisco, Reno 556 got married 558 hotel in Reno 563 honeymoon in San Francisco 564 Basque hotel in San Francisco; Baigorri 569 Hotel Du Midi 580 war 583 married in Reno, March 1918 594 Pete Genette ran ranch 610 Pete Etchart ran sheep 616 bought share of ranch 628 Izpura 641 Vicente Garilde (?) 644 1923 655 McBride 658 3 wives in a house; McBride and Heguy bought out partners 664 sheep 669 lambing 684 McBride kept books; lived in town 693 Pete Genette 695 Smith Creek 696 9,000 sheep 697 cows 158(?) 701 five families on ranch; couldnÕt get along 707 Mr. Dupuy (?), rancher 715 1923 717 1922 721 1939; sold out 722 toughest years 724 1929 725 never mortgaged land; mortgaged livestock 728 loan from land company 729 $4,000.00 offered for land 734 mortgaged livestock 740 stockmen broke 743 $20,000.00 to run for a year 747 McBride died 750 1939; got out of business 752 stayed in town 753 fall; bought Snow Creek Livestock sheep ranch 754 Paris; Ely 755 Florentino and Pete 758 Salt lake 762 Ogden 766 sheep 767 7,035 head 772 borrowed $40,000.00 from bank 773 partnership with son and Domingo Calzacorta 777 gave son and Domingo $18,000.00 a piece after selling 780 partners did not put up money; needed somebody to work 783 1943 sold in spring 787 $89.00 per lamb 788 wool 789 48 cents per pound for wool 791 didnÕt like location; too dry 801 sold to Blaine Austin 810 1943; bought current place 813 Andrew Tureli (?) 815 Xiberotarra 834 3,000 acres 835 3,600 acres 836 27,000 acres all together; bought railroad land 840 5,000 head 848 could run 10,000 849 they donÕt let you run more 850 Smith Creek 851 Taylor grazing Act 853 Taylor did not affect them 854 customary use 855 right to run where you used to 856 fences 859 too many fences Ð expense 862 cowmen 865 sheep vs. cows 867 cows 870 sheep make more money 882 oldest got job 886 was sure they would make it alright 889 $40.00 or $50.00 a month ; thought they couldnÕt beat that, but they did. 895 Bert Paris 899 herders out of work 902 Basque hotels 904 Western Association of California 912 Eureka Land and Livestock; steady work 918 sons: continuing business 922 sons have seen nothing else 924 mechanic 927 no sheepherders; contract boys from Spain 932 hard to teach help 936 people have changed 939 can make more in town 940 easier life 942 days off 949 Old Country; jobs 962 Range Association 965 rancher pays herderÕs way over 967 passage comes out of wages 969 3 year contract 972 change in law 974 citizenship 978 employs 4 herders; 1 cam tender 980 herder with bad feet 985 Xiberotarra 000 Reno 002 Santa Fe Hotel 008 Sacramento 018 Taylor Grazing Act 023 customary use 025 fence 033 transient herders 036 Coyote Lake 040 north of Eureka 047 Jenkins, Spy(?) Ranch 051 Elko 068 feel lots better outside 078 would like his boys to keep sheep 097 first year the hardest 099 returned to the Basque Country in 1956 102 Basque Country so small; canÕt make a living over there 112 stayed 4 months; had planned on 6 months 117 got tired of being there 121 people live better over there than in our time 125 dancing in the streets; well-dressed 130 none of his relatives came over 136 sister became a nun 137 7 girls for 1 boy at that time in france 140 war Ð lost lots of men 147 WWI 156 brother in war 176 sister living over there END